A quick review

The European Union is a group of States that formed an International Organization which operates as a cohesive economical and political block.

First of all, we are going to start by defining what we really understand by free movement and how is it regulated.

Well, free movement is one of the founding principles of the European Union, so they grant citizens this right. We can summarise this right as the one that allow every single person to circulate freely and to choose in which territory he/she is going to reside. So, they can go out whenever they want as well as come back in the same conditions.

This notion was first regulated in the Treaty of Maastrich (1992). This international agreement (that is: an agreement signed by several countries about an certain or several issues) was signed by the twelve members that founded the EU and aimed at unifying policies of currency, defence and citizenship by a process of voting in each State. It was accepted by them, so it started to take effect the first of November of 1993 and this treaty would be amended by other agreements as a consequence of more globalized world.

In the Maastrich´s Treaty were not contemplated some issues that affect this topic as the humanitarian aid, whose aim is to permit asylum seekers, refugees and displaced people to move along EU. So, this issue was first contemplated in the Amsterdam Treaty (1999). With this agreement, the EU became responsible for legislating on immigration (civil law) what is an indispensable part of the free movement of people.

There is also another treaty called Schengen Document that we can consider it as the most important. This agreement entered into force in 1995 even if was signed in 1995. The aim of Schengen's treaty is to suppress all internal borders being part of a common migratory policy, so the 26-member states of this agreement act as an only State in terms of migration. Nevertheless, we have to take into account that the member states of the EU are not the same as the Schengen Treaty. There are several countries as Switzerland that does not take part of the EU but yes of the Schengen´s one as well as Croatia takes part of the EU but not of the Schengen Treaty.

We have to emphasize that there are other agreements as the Ginebra Convention that complement this important treaty by imposing that every refugee that was obliged because of their circumstances to enter in a State in a illegal way, his security must be guaranteed and if not there would be a sanction (it is law not a policy).

In the following link we can see an article in which Reiss Smith set out the difficulties that Schengen Document are suffering nowadays. We can see how terrorist attacks injured the free movement and it is also explained that the Brexit does not affect this agreement.
https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/693485/schengen-area-what-is-passport-visa-free-travel-zone-eu-europe

There is also another relevant new related to the Schengen Document. In this case, they report a possible digital way of registering the entries of people of third countries. The new automatic data system will register name, travel document, fingerprints and facial image.

https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/borders/2017/10/storskog-not-first-line-when-europe-introduces-smart-borders

To answer the question of who is encharged to implement this treaty we have to say that is the European Parliament. They should should coordinate their efforts in this regard and promote the free movement of workers as one of the objectives of the completed internal market. Parliament plays a dynamic role in establishing and improving the internal market, and has always energetically supported the efforts of the Commission in this area.

Regarding consular assistance in third countries, there is an international treaty, which is the Un Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (there is a link below to the content of the treaty)

http://www.mfa.gov.tr/data/Kutuphane/MultilateralConventions/ViennaConventiononConsularRelations.pdf

The articles that we think are the most important for the citizens are the followings:

• Art 36 of the UN Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, states that all nationals of a country must have the freedom to access to the consular officers in other state and vice versa. Also when a national the receiving state must communicate without any delay the arrest and also tell the arrested the rights that have regarding this convention. The consular officer has the right too to visit the person imprisoned or arrested and legally represent him, with the exception of the refusal from the subject.

In the following link there is a new in which consular assistance regarding arrests should be provided by the UN Vienna Convention, but Iran refuses to, due to the fact that they do not recognise dual nationality (Iran, EU).

http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2017/Nov-09/425723-irans-revolutionary-guard-arrests-more-dual-nationals.ashx

• Art 37 of the UN Vienna Convention on Consular Relations: This article talks about deaths or accidents in foreign countries that must be inmediatly informed without any delay.

Another new that reflects consular assistance in case of repatriation is the one below. We can summarize it saying that the British government has chartered some flights to bring back some citizens that have been isolated abroad due to the cancelation of the airline Monarch's flights.

http://money.cnn.com/2017/10/01/news/monarch-airlines-administration/index.html

Now what does consular assistance not provide? Here are  two  common cases in which consulart assistance is not provided:

1. First of all, a country does not guarantee a better treatment in case of health emergency than the one given by the host state.
2. Also, the national country can not act as an endorsement in case of debts or corpses repatriation (except disasters or emergency)